It is the most popular and most basic of all the casting processes along with being economical. First a cavity in the sand is formed by using a pattern made of wood, or metal. The cavity is contained in a flask. Cores are put in the cavity to form holes of the desired shapes. An extra void called Riser is created in the mold to contain excessive molten material. The purpose of this is to prevent voids in the main casting. Generally sand casting consists of a two-part Sand Casting Mold. While the upper part is called the Cope, the lower part is called the Drag. A parting line or surface separates the two. Some portion of the drag is filled with sand. The cores, core print, and the gating system are placed near the parting line. The cope and the drag is assembled then sand is poured on the cope half, that covers the pattern, core and the gating system. The sand gets compacted by vibration and other mechanical processes. After this, the cope is removed from the drag. The pattern is removed. Care is taken so that pattern is removed without breaking the mold cavity. This can be taken care of by designing a draft, which is usually a minimum of 1° or 1.5 mm (0.060 in), more rough the surface of the pattern, the more the draft to be provided. BENEFITS OF SAND CASTING All ferrous and non ferrous alloys can be cast using the sand cast method. Aluminum, brass, bronze, carbon steel, stainless steel, and irons both gray and ductile to name a few. Casting weight can vary from ounces to 50,000 pounds or more. Pattern costs are the most economic compared to other casting processes. Sand casting is usually the least expensive of all casting production processes. Quantities of parts produced can range from a prototype of one to thousands. Surface finishes of 250 RMS. Painting, plating, anodizing and hard coat finishes can be applied to sand castings. The finish will vary according to the cast material. Cast letters, numbers and logos are possible with sand castings.
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